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Digital Banking During the Covid-19 Era in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 60 - 68, 31.12.2023

Ahmet Bünyan Oğuz , Yeşim Pınar Sarıca

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic which began in early 2020 in Wuhan, China and spread around the world, created a serious impact on personal and business life for all. While individuals tried to protect themselves from the pandemic and continue their lives, businesses also tried to cope with the change in individual consumer behaviour. This study analyses the digital banking usage trends in Türkiye, focusing on the Covid-19 pandemic period, between January 2020 and June 2022, under the precautions imposed by the government such as lock-downs, curfews and public access limitations to businesses, using available quarterly transaction and usage data on virtual credit cards, mail order and phone payments, contactless cards, domestic credit cards, number of credit and bank cards, digital banking, internet banking and mobile banking. Research findings suggest that while internet and digital banking usage increased, significant changes have been observed in contactless card, virtual credit card transactions indicating a shift in user preference in banking during the pandemic period either voluntarily or with the effects of the restrictions and intention to realize their transactions distancing themselves from the crowds. Further research analysing whether this shift is permanent or not is recommended.

Keywords

Digital Banking Covid-19 Pandemic

References

  • Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K., Rana, N.P. and Simintiras, A.C. (2016), Jordanian consumers’ adoption of telebanking: Influence of perceived usefulness, trust and self-efficacy, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 5, pp. 690-709.
  • Baker, S. R., Farrokhnia, R. A., Meyer, S., Pagel, M., & Yannelis, C. (2020). How does household spending respond to an epidemic? Consumption during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10(4), 834-862.
  • Bekçi, İ., Eda, K. Ö. S. E., & Aksoy, E. (2020). COVID-19'un Türkiye’de bankalar üzerindeki ekonomik etkisine dair bir tahmin. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı), 185-205.
  • Chang, Hung‐Hao, and Chad D. Meyerhoefer. COVID‐19 and the demand for online food shopping services: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 103.2 (2021): 448-465.
  • Chen, H., Qian, W., & Wen, Q. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumption: Learning from high-frequency transaction data. In AEA Papers and Proceedings (Vol. 111, pp. 307-11).
  • Chronopoulos, D. K., Lukas, M., & Wilson, J. O. (2020). Consumer spending responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: An assessment of Great Britain. Available at SSRN 3586723.
  • Dasho, A., Meka, E., Sharko, G., & Baholli, I. (2016). Digital banking the wave of the future. Proceedings of ISTI, 1, 1-6. Garanti BBVA. (2006). Garanti BBVA’dan ilkler. Retrieved from: https://www.garantiodemesistemleri.com/tr/bizkimiz/garanti-bbvanin-urunleri/garanti-bbvadan-ilkler Accessed:17.02.2023.
  • Grabner-Krauter, S., & Faullant, R. (2008). Consumer acceptance of internet banking : The influence of internet trust. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 26(7), 483-504.
  • Hu, Y. C., & Liao, P. C. (2011). Finding critical criteria of evaluating electronic service quality of Internet banking using fuzzy multiple-criteria decision making. Applied Soft Computing, 11(4), 3764-3770.
  • Huang, M. H., ‘ Rust, R.T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155-172.
  • Interbank Card Center (ICC), 2023. https://bkm.com.tr/en/about-bkm/bkm/history/ Accessed: 17.02.2023.
  • Laukkanen, T. (2007). Internet vs mobile banking: Comparing customer value perceptions. Business Process Management Journal, 13(6), 788-797.
  • Martins, C., Oliveira, T., & Popovič, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International journal of information management, 34(1), 1-13.
  • Mbama, C. I., Ezepue, P., Alboul, L., & Beer, M. (2018). Digital banking, customer experience and financial performance: UK bank managers’ perceptions. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(4), 432-451.
  • Rosen, G. (1958). A history of public health (2015 ed.). Baltimore, Maryland, USA: JHU Press.
  • Sardana, V., & Singhania, S. (2018). Digital technology in the realm of banking: A review of literature. International Journal of Research in Finance and Management, 1(2), 28-32.
  • Sarel, D., & Marmorstein, H. (2003). Marketing online banking services: The voice of the customer. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 8, 106-118.
  • Soylu, Ö. B. (2020). Türkiye ekonomisinde COVID-19’un sektörel etkileri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6), 169-185.
  • Tam, C., & Oliveira, T. (2017). Literature review of mobile banking and individual performance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(7), 10 44-1067.
  • The Banks of Türkiye Association, (2023). İstatistiki Raporlar. Retrieved from: https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/59.
  • Vives, X., (2019). Digital disruption in banking. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 11, 243-272.
  • WHO, (2023). Coronavirus (Covid-19) Dashboard. Retrieved from: https://covid19.who.int/ Accessed: 30.03.2023.
  • WHO, (2023). Coronavirus Disease. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19 Accessed: 30.03.2023.
  • YKB, (2023). Ödeme Çözümlerimiz. Retrieved from: https://www.yapikredipos.com.tr/odeme-cozumlerimiz/mail-order Accessed: 12.04.2023.
  • Yaylak, E. (2022). Distance education in Türkiye during the Covid-19 pandemic: What do stakeholders think? Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 65-92.
  • Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., & Shi, Z. L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579 (7798), 270-273.

Covid-19 Döneminde Türkiye’de Dijital Bankacılık

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 60 - 68, 31.12.2023

Ahmet Bünyan Oğuz , Yeşim Pınar Sarıca

Abstract

2020 yılının başlarında Çin'in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkarak tüm dünyaya yayılan Covid-19 pandemisi, herkesin özel ve iş hayatını ciddi şekilde etkiledi. Bireyler kendilerini pandemiden koruyarak yaşamlarına devam etmeye çalışırken, işletmeler bireysel tüketici davranışlarındaki değişime ayak uydurmay çalıştı. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki dijital bankacılık kullanım eğilimlerini, Ocak 2020 ile Haziran 2022 arasındaki Covid-19 pandemisi dönemine odaklanarak, devletin uyguladığı sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları, sokağa çıkma yasakları ve işletmelere toplu erişim kısıtlamaları gibi önlemler kapsamında, mevcut veriler kullanılarak analiz etmektedir. sanal kredi kartları, mail order ve telefon ödemeleri, temassız kartlar, yerli kredi kartları, kredi ve banka kartı adetleri, dijital bankacılık, internet bankacılığı ve mobil bankacılık ile ilgili üç aylık işlem ve kullanım verileri. Araştırma bulguları, internet ve dijital bankacılık kullanımı artarken, temassız kart, sanal kredi kartı işlemlerinde önemli değişiklikler gözlemlendiğini ve pandemi döneminde ister gönüllü olarak ister kısıtlamaların etkisiyle ve gerçekleştirme niyetiyle bankacılıkta kullanıcı tercihinde bir kaymaya işaret ettiğini gösteriyor. işlemleri kendilerini kalabalıktan uzaklaştırıyor. Bu değişimin kalıcı olup olmadığını analiz edecek araştırmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Dijital Bankacılık Covid-19 Pandemi

References

  • Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K., Rana, N.P. and Simintiras, A.C. (2016), Jordanian consumers’ adoption of telebanking: Influence of perceived usefulness, trust and self-efficacy, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 5, pp. 690-709.
  • Baker, S. R., Farrokhnia, R. A., Meyer, S., Pagel, M., & Yannelis, C. (2020). How does household spending respond to an epidemic? Consumption during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10(4), 834-862.
  • Bekçi, İ., Eda, K. Ö. S. E., & Aksoy, E. (2020). COVID-19'un Türkiye’de bankalar üzerindeki ekonomik etkisine dair bir tahmin. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı), 185-205.
  • Chang, Hung‐Hao, and Chad D. Meyerhoefer. COVID‐19 and the demand for online food shopping services: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 103.2 (2021): 448-465.
  • Chen, H., Qian, W., & Wen, Q. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumption: Learning from high-frequency transaction data. In AEA Papers and Proceedings (Vol. 111, pp. 307-11).
  • Chronopoulos, D. K., Lukas, M., & Wilson, J. O. (2020). Consumer spending responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: An assessment of Great Britain. Available at SSRN 3586723.
  • Dasho, A., Meka, E., Sharko, G., & Baholli, I. (2016). Digital banking the wave of the future. Proceedings of ISTI, 1, 1-6. Garanti BBVA. (2006). Garanti BBVA’dan ilkler. Retrieved from: https://www.garantiodemesistemleri.com/tr/bizkimiz/garanti-bbvanin-urunleri/garanti-bbvadan-ilkler Accessed:17.02.2023.
  • Grabner-Krauter, S., & Faullant, R. (2008). Consumer acceptance of internet banking : The influence of internet trust. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 26(7), 483-504.
  • Hu, Y. C., & Liao, P. C. (2011). Finding critical criteria of evaluating electronic service quality of Internet banking using fuzzy multiple-criteria decision making. Applied Soft Computing, 11(4), 3764-3770.
  • Huang, M. H., ‘ Rust, R.T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155-172.
  • Interbank Card Center (ICC), 2023. https://bkm.com.tr/en/about-bkm/bkm/history/ Accessed: 17.02.2023.
  • Laukkanen, T. (2007). Internet vs mobile banking: Comparing customer value perceptions. Business Process Management Journal, 13(6), 788-797.
  • Martins, C., Oliveira, T., & Popovič, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International journal of information management, 34(1), 1-13.
  • Mbama, C. I., Ezepue, P., Alboul, L., & Beer, M. (2018). Digital banking, customer experience and financial performance: UK bank managers’ perceptions. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 12(4), 432-451.
  • Rosen, G. (1958). A history of public health (2015 ed.). Baltimore, Maryland, USA: JHU Press.
  • Sardana, V., & Singhania, S. (2018). Digital technology in the realm of banking: A review of literature. International Journal of Research in Finance and Management, 1(2), 28-32.
  • Sarel, D., & Marmorstein, H. (2003). Marketing online banking services: The voice of the customer. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 8, 106-118.
  • Soylu, Ö. B. (2020). Türkiye ekonomisinde COVID-19’un sektörel etkileri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(6), 169-185.
  • Tam, C., & Oliveira, T. (2017). Literature review of mobile banking and individual performance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(7), 10 44-1067.
  • The Banks of Türkiye Association, (2023). İstatistiki Raporlar. Retrieved from: https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/59.
  • Vives, X., (2019). Digital disruption in banking. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 11, 243-272.
  • WHO, (2023). Coronavirus (Covid-19) Dashboard. Retrieved from: https://covid19.who.int/ Accessed: 30.03.2023.
  • WHO, (2023). Coronavirus Disease. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19 Accessed: 30.03.2023.
  • YKB, (2023). Ödeme Çözümlerimiz. Retrieved from: https://www.yapikredipos.com.tr/odeme-cozumlerimiz/mail-order Accessed: 12.04.2023.
  • Yaylak, E. (2022). Distance education in Türkiye during the Covid-19 pandemic: What do stakeholders think? Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 65-92.
  • Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., & Shi, Z. L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579 (7798), 270-273.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Banking and Insurance (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Bünyan Oğuz

Yeşim Pınar Sarıca

Early Pub Date December 30, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Oğuz, A. B., & Sarıca, Y. P. (2023). Digital Banking During the Covid-19 Era in Türkiye. Uluslararası Güncel Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 60-68.
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